Monitoring Control and Protection System

The monitoring system of the hydropower station mainly includes the measurement system, signal system, operating system and adjustment system of the hydropower station. Hydropower stations put into operation before the 1980s in China basically use conventional monitoring systems. The main characteristics of conventional monitoring systems are that the measurement system, signal system, operating system and adjustment system are set independently and realized by hard-wired relay logic devices. With the development of computer technology, China began to explore the use of computer systems to realize the monitoring of hydropower stations in the 1960s. By the mid-to-late 1980s, the computer monitoring system products of hydropower stations had been put into operation. For example, the multi-computer distributed control system of Fuchunjiang Hydropower Station was put into operation in 1984, which realized important functions such as computer safety monitoring, event recording and economic operation guidance. In 1988, the computer monitoring system of Gezhouba Erjiang Hydropower Station was put into operation. At present, the computer monitoring system has been widely used in large and medium-sized hydropower stations. The main characteristics of the computer monitoring system are the highly integrated and expandable functions, the continuous development of hardware, software, and network technology, and the continuous improvement of automation. The functions of the computer monitoring system of the hydropower station mainly include: data acquisition, data processing, operation and adjustment, data communication, clock synchronization, operation management and guidance, human-machine contact, system self-diagnosis and self-recovery, training simulation, system maintenance and software development, etc. . The structure mode of computer monitoring system of hydropower station can be divided into hierarchical distributed and centralized. Hydropower stations generally use a hierarchical distributed computer monitoring system. The system consists of the power station control level, network equipment and local control level. The centralized structure can be used for small and medium-sized hydropower stations with fewer units and smaller capacity.

Hydropower station protection system mainly includes water system protection, mechanical equipment protection and electrical equipment protection, such as flooded station protection, unit overspeed protection, overtemperature protection, oil pressure device accident low oil pressure protection, electrical equipment relay protection, etc. The electrical equipment in the hydropower station mainly includes hydroelectric generators, transformers, cables, busbars, circuit breakers, etc. Different electrical equipment has different relay protection configuration requirements. Micro-type relay protection devices are generally used for electrical equipment in large and medium-sized hydropower stations.

Hydropower station communication system mainly includes system communication, intra-station communication, external communication, construction communication and communication of automatic water regime forecasting system. The communication methods of hydropower stations can be generally divided into two types: wired communication methods and wireless communication methods. Wired communication methods are realized by cable communication and optical fiber communication. The wireless communication methods are mainly power carrier communication, satellite communication, mobile communication, microwave communication, short wave And ultra-short wave communication. With the continuous development and update of communication technology, optical fiber communication, satellite communication, and mobile communication have been more and more widely used in the field of hydropower station communication.